430°

Gran Turismo 5 AI Is Not Shite?

There’s been a video circling around the web showing off AI Comparison’s between Gran Turismo 5 and Forza 3. Well you know what? There’s also this video.

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gameblurb.net
MicrocutsX25309d ago

Hm...

You know what? I'll just go pick up this game and play it myself. That's the only way to clear this shit up.

BryanBegins5309d ago (Edited 5309d ago )

Well people have to admit that Sony and PD are not doing a good PR job at all! If GT5 really has better AI and better damage (the rumoured level-40 thing), then they should say it!

I don't really understand the point of hiding facts like these, facts that could change the reviews. And please don't tell me any reviewer should have spent 200 hours into the game before reviewing. Yes they should play the game deeply, but at the same time, it's Sony and PD job to make sure people know the features of their game.

MicrocutsX25309d ago

Agreed. This really has messed things up for Sony and PD, I wish they'd make some sort of official statement or something to clear up the mess. Even then, the damage has already been done.

zootang5309d ago (Edited 5309d ago )

@Bryan

Would you review a film without seeing the ending? It is their job to review games, they are getting paid.

BryanBegins5309d ago (Edited 5309d ago )

The comparison with a movie is a stretch. A movie takes 2-3 hours. How many hours of gameplay does it take to reach level 40?

Do you need to play World of Warcraft during 6 months before reviewing it?

Yes it's their job and as I've said, they should play the game deeply. But it's ridiculous from Sony and PD to not be clearer about some of the main features of the game.

On top of that, most (and I really mean most) gamers won't ever finish a game like GT5, so the reviews are giving a good-enough representation of what to expect of the game.

With your argument, it's like saying you need to wait for the extended-edition of the DVD with the additional 15 minutes footage before reviewing the movie.

Pollak5309d ago Show
zootang5309d ago (Edited 5309d ago )

A job is a job, a review is a review. How can you give an opinion on something you haven't reviewed?

MMO's should be reviewed to Max level otherwise the reviews will miss important content.

What would you take more serious? A Full review of said MMO or a review to level 10? I know which one I would read.

I think there is a gap in the market for detailed reviews.

cruncher_205309d ago (Edited 5309d ago )

I'm not agree with you...

Hidden fact make the game better... and I think this is how PD want you to feel about the game...

You start GT mode... Buy a small car.. level 0...
Level 1 ... try Karting
Level 2, 3... Nascar technique
etc...
Eventually you have a night race.. and then... A Rally Race and... and a Top Gear Race... and and... A rain race... and and... damage increase... and then Pit Stop...

You catch it... It's just go bigger and bigger... Probably all reviewers use the stupid arcade mode when the game is made to be a simulation and an experience...

So more you play more you have option and THAT make the game impressive...

Good job PD !!!

Perjoss5309d ago

regardless of how good or bad the game is (personally I love it) it was suicide to leave the good stuff for level 40, it takes many hours of play to reach 40, why cant gamers have these features from level 1? if PD was scared that the 'better' AI was too hard or the damage model was too hard then at LEAST have them both off by default but give us the option to enable... jeez.

thor5309d ago

Yeah it's one thing to have features locked out, but it's quite another to not even mention that they will be unlocked. The reviewers (if they didn't get to lvl 40) were probably convinced that they'd seen most of what the game had to offer. How were they to know? Maybe there's a feature that's unlocked once you get the platinum trophy, that nobody knows about yet. Should they get the platinum before reviewing "just to be sure"?

cruncher_205309d ago (Edited 5309d ago )

Maybe they don't care about review...

They know that they have a lot of fans and they don't need good reviews to sell... And anyway... they don't sell to reviewers but to gamers... It's arrogant but it's Sony... They believe in their product... They don't have to put 500 millions dollars to make people think that their product are good !!!

I played GT5, I'm level 14 and when people ask me what I think about GT5... I'm a better seller than every ads put together ;)

beardpapa5309d ago

they shoulda done what Kojipro did with MGS4 - invite the reviewers over and play thru the whole session.

theroadtoruin5309d ago

Gran Turismo doesn't need marketing, it markets its self.

Sony would rather put their money towards first party games and things like Move.

companies should take notes.

Hideo_Kojima5309d ago

How come reviewers played Mass Effect 2 till the end isnt that a 20 hours game?

Some reviewers spent about 30 minutes on gt5

ShinMaster5309d ago

I'm pretty sure they had have played those for 30 hours before reviewing them.

Pledius5308d ago

@BryanBegins

I see what you're trying to say but reviewers are getting PAID to review these games. it's their job so they should do it right.

here's a quote from GameInformer:

"Car damage has been requested for years, and now that it’s in there, I find the way it’s presented strange. You unlock it later in the game, and up until that point the damage is cosmetic and slight. Frankly, however, its absence in the beginning of the game only meant that by the time it started to matter, I was past worrying about when it would show up. I suggest you keep some money handy, because rebuilding your chassis isn’t cheap. Or better yet – don’t crumple your car in the first place."

one of faster released review and you can CLEARLY tell they played the game enough. I mean they used the word "unlock" at later level for progressive damage/ai.

if people were expecting easy job of having to only spend 2 hours into the game and review based on that; then they should lose their job.

Yamaguchi probably saw this and wanted to tell people that they need to start actually reviewing the game and gave most of mainstream review sites big middle finger.

I hope he never really publicly say "yep you 'unlock' AI/damage as you level up" I want this to remain "secret" so people have to actually buy or see it first hand instead of just looking through website.

only draw back is that the review scores won't be as good as it should but, I only use review as guidance so i think positive benefit outweighs negative benefit

+ Show (11) more repliesLast reply 5308d ago
ryuzu5309d ago (Edited 5309d ago )

I don't think you'll regret playing GT5 Micro.

As for Sony, well they don't advertise that much, they just don't seem as evangelical about this as MS is (neither are Ninty for that matter).

It's only MS that has tried to make this console gen a "holy" war, I just think Sony don't get it. It's just entertainment software, and for what you get, very good value, why spend more on marketing when word of mouth is just as good?

r.

BillOreilly5309d ago

Yeah right i see tons of GT5 ads every day on tv. I see tons of move ads every day. More than kinect ads. Sony has far more commercials where MS goes for events and product placement like oprah and tv shoes where kids play kinect, justin bieber anyone? Sony probably spends as much as MS, they just dont brag about 500 mil spent.

deadreckoning6665309d ago (Edited 5309d ago )

"You know what? I'll just go pick up this game and play it myself. That's the only way to clear this shit up."

And gamble 60 dollars? Why not just rent it? Thats what I'm doing.

@itchy18- Woah, who peed in your cheerios this morning? lol, I didn't say anyone was stopping me. Just providing a suggestion...relax.

@t-x9000- It's called a SUG-GES-TION. No one here is telling in anyone what to do with their money. Calm down.

@yewles1- Thanks for your help Sherlock. I took it as if he wanted to buy it because thats what I would do when I say I'm going to "pick up" a game. Good thing you came along, I was in great need of a person to reiterate obvious information :)

itchy185309d ago

then go ahead no one is stopping you dead!

5309d ago
yewles15309d ago

"pick this up" doesn't necessarily mean flat-out BUY IT...

Terror_B5309d ago ShowReplies(2)
pixelsword5309d ago (Edited 5309d ago )

Everyone knows why that happened in the first vid, right?

In the first GT5 vid, they placed the car just before a tight curve, so going into a turn at a fast speed would put those cars directly in that position, which should happen in Forza as well. In the second GT5 vid and the Forza vid they were on straight paths.

If you really want to see if Forza had the better AI or not, put a car right before a curve just like the first GT5 vid and you'll get the truth.

5309d ago
pixelsword5309d ago (Edited 5309d ago )

That's the point, kid; putting it before a tight curve forces the AI to decide whether to keep the speed and position required to maintain the race or try to make the turn at the risk of hitting the car. GT5's AI obviously decided to either risk hitting the car or it was not capable of making that decision because the AI actually isn't that great, but it doesn't prove that it's worse AI than Forza, it just proves that in that situation, the AI in GT5 chose that particular route to take. You can't say GT5's AI is worse until it's proven that in the same situation Forza's AI would choose a decision that would be more successful than the decision GT5's AI made.

Moving at the last minute doesn't prove that it's good AI because no one does that in real life, they would move gradually in the first place a long time before approaching such a thing like actual people do, so that's not realistic, but that is what happened in GT5's second vid, so at least in a situation where coming in straight GT5's AI appears to be more realistic as far as avoiding objects on a straight line or a gradual curve.

A conclusion also can be made that the AI from forza can't see your car until it's up on it; which means it's on a path until it approaches your car and then it veers off track just enough to avoid you... but not enough to be a factor in winning or losing the race, which isn't that realistic if you want to split hairs. But again, it's not conclusive because it's not tested yet.

But neither can be proven unless in both instances the cars are placed in identical situations.

beardpapa5309d ago

tucky must be a bad driver in real life if he tries to avoid a collision at the last moment if he's able to see an obstruction in his path at more than 1000 feet away. And it's AI not IA.

Vherostar5309d ago

So the AI is good I bet you could easily make a video showing shoddy AI in Forza if you wanted you can with pretty much any game. Why do the haters keep up with these fake shots and silly videos? If they really didn't think that much of GT5 why spend so much time slating it?

+ Show (3) more repliesLast reply 5308d ago
Balt 5309d ago ShowReplies(7)
liquidxtension5309d ago

so much for gt5 being on rails?

wicko5309d ago

The original comparison was a complete fail anyway, different tracks, different turns, different racing lines.. I can't believe people buy into that.

coldburn5309d ago

You know how my brother and I passed my drivers test is because of Grand Turismo. Must be because I'm asian...

itchy185309d ago

lol me too!! i started playing GT HD few years back and then bought GT5P last 2 years (thanksgiving) and then last year i got my drivers license. I never realized how fun driving is until i played Gran Turismo.

The Meerkat5309d ago

Shite,

What a great word. But it does need to be said with a Scottish accent for maximum impact

AntsPai5309d ago

Sounds better with an Irish accent imo

Show all comments (79)
90°

PlayStation 3: chasing the 1080p dream, part three - Gran Turismo 5 and the indie explosion

From Digital Foundry: "Welcome to the third part in the biggest DF Retro episode we've ever produced - a year-by-year look at how 1080p gaming fared on the PlayStation 3. Launched in 2007 touting its then-exclusive HDMI digital interface, Sony layered full HD gaming on top of its Cell processor and RSX 'Reality Synthesizer' as key selling points for its third generation console. Of course, we all know how that turned out - both Sony and Microsoft machines routinely ran the most advanced titles at sub-720p resolutions, often with questionable performance, so what happened to the 1080p dream?

In the first two parts of John Linneman's investigation, we've covered off the first four years of the Triple's lifecycle and moving into 2010, the overall fortunes of the PlayStation 3 continued to improve. The platform holder released - what was then - the most advanced motion controller in the console space, backed up by experiments with stereoscopic 3D, which turned out to be a short-lived but still formidable pairing. Combined with a strong E3 showing, PS3 was looking good.

However, it's fair to say that it was a fallow year for 1080p gaming on the system, with only Scott Pilgrim Saves The World's razor-sharp pixel art upscaling, Castle Crashers and Soldner X2's 3D/FMV stylings accommodating full HD output - alongside a wonderful Monkey Island remaster."

Read Full Story >>
eurogamer.net
ApocalypseShadow1054d ago (Edited 1054d ago )

Just remember ladies and gentlemen, Sony never said all games would be 1080p. Only that the system would support games up to 1080p in a survey before the system was released.
https://spong.com/article/9...
And as we saw, some games did support it, some games tried their best to support it and some games didn't or never reached it.

Is a higher resolution great to have if you can do it? Sure. Is it necessary for a fun game? No

But what I find interesting is Eurogamer. Are they really talking about HD and PS3 in their article or are they really pushing their 4.50 Euros 4K video download subscription? Seems one is being used to sell the other. Just look at the bottom of the article.

Michiel19891054d ago

thats what every company tries to do, push for people to buy their products. Are you really gonna blame them for that?

ApocalypseShadow1054d ago

Not all articles are about selling. They're about informing or entertaining.

Maybe I'm supposed to watch the video instead of reading. But I shouldn't have to click. But the article lazily tells us some games did hit 1080p and some didn't. I didn't learn anything new as I own the console. Then, they push a Patreon subscription.

Are you saying every opinion, preview, review and rant article requires a push to buy something now? Tell me which sites are prone to do so so that I can avoid them in the future.

Michiel19891054d ago

not everyone played during the ps3 era. I started during snes era but loved seeing articles/videos about how gaming evolved before that.

i dont think this article is trying to push you to get that patreon sub, it doesnt for me at least. I dont think theres anything wrong putting an ad at the bottom of the article. all the regular DF videos are free already.

SonyStyled1054d ago

Wipeout HD on PS3, a remake of the PS1 game was 1080p 60fps. And that released in 2007-08

Christopher1054d ago

This really feels like a filler article. I don't feel like I learned anything notable or substantial from this. I feel they could have reduced the unnecessary intro and over-explanation of things and put the whole series in one article for a more substantial and possibly informative piece rather than piece-mealing it out as they have.

dumahim1054d ago

It's more about the video. DF Retro videos are for Patreon members first, and I think the whole thing was one big video. For the youtube channel, it gets chopped up and released weekly.

ApocalypseShadow1054d ago

Chris is actually right on this one. Something known already was just kind of washed over in the article. Unless you're supposed to get more in the video. If more is in the video, then more could have been said in the article.

Only thing I learned new was that they are selling a subscription. My point though is that you gain more viewers by having better articles and content.

1051d ago
280°

What Happened To Gran Turismo?

When thinking about simulation racing games in this console generation, it’s not unreasonable for your first thought to be “Forza”. Microsoft’s first-party sim-racer series has been wildly successful, and for many of us, it’s been the go-to franchise for quite some time. But simulation racing games weren’t always synonymous with Forza; there was a time when Polyphony Digital’s hardcore series, Gran Turismo, reigned supreme. While the long-time franchise continues to sell exceptionally well, there’s no doubt that it isn’t the young, spry series it used to be.

Read Full Story >>
gamingbolt.com
darthv722121d ago

It doesnt suck but I would love to see a return to form with GT7. Sport is such a departure that it can turn some people off. It has gotten better over time but it's still no match for a proper GT7.

Rude-ro2121d ago

Sport is awesome for what it is...
However, polygon built a whole new engine and the tech is still being worked on...
I understand it is easy to praise a cookie cutter because it release the same game over and over with rotations of maps and cars...
But this engine polygon has designed does more for things other than gaming.

Repetitive old engines with new makeup does not make anyone king.

Gt7 will be most likely in two years with 120fps and ray tracing because their new engines are ready now.

LordStig2121d ago

It decided to focus on racing rather than cars and in the gaming world, racing = gameplay.

Imalwaysright2121d ago

What complete and utter BS. GT has always focused on racing and gameplay.

2121d ago
neutralgamer19922121d ago

Good I guess selling millions of copies and have OFFICIAL FIA license races and Esports means it sucks

We just don't get it every year which is why ms also delayed next forza. You can't keep making yearly sequels. Quality and innovation takes time

GT sports at launch to now it's a different game and support has been free

Imalwaysright2121d ago

GT games have always sold millions of copies and what's so innovative about GT sport? It's a racing game FFS.

IRetrouk2120d ago

The online championships and tournaments alone offer more innovation than any racer this gen🤷‍♂️ then you also get the live ones in New York etc with proper race like commentary, something else no other sim has done before. It sells millions because it's the best, simple really.

Imalwaysright2120d ago (Edited 2120d ago )

IRetrouk

I'm not even sure why think that having proper like race commentary or championships and tournements is innovative but I'll play along... GT Sport was released in 2017 so how do explain that this video https://www.youtube.com/wat... from 2016 exists?

Dark_Knightmare22120d ago

Spoken like someone who hasn’t played sport

Imortus_san2119d ago

And those Paid demos, that fans try to hide and not talk about it.

+ Show (3) more repliesLast reply 2119d ago
SCW19822121d ago

It became the best online racing community for console players and its an amazing achievment.

Keltech2121d ago

"Forza?" HaHaHaHaHaHaHa!! good joke!

kayoss2121d ago

Too early for an Aprils fool joke.

2121d ago
ElementX2121d ago

@solidgamerX That's really not very impressive. Somebody with an interest in cars plays racing games and becomes a race car driver. That's like saying "look at this guy, he played COD and now he's in the military"

Imalwaysright2121d ago

SolidGamerX

You must think that we're all stupid enough to believe that a game will turn anyone into a professional racing driver.

Prince-Ali2121d ago

FORZA!!! AAHAHHAHA !! Haven't i schooled you on this already before! You're still spewing nonsense on this threaddd looool

mcstorm2121d ago

Forza has always been better online than. GT and still is. Great to see PD try something different with GTS but let's face it this gen sonys racing games have been poor this then compaired to what Microsoft has had to offer. Forza 7 is one of the best racing games on xbox and pc but for me Horizon 3 and 4 have set the bar this gen. Of all the things microsoft got wrong this gen 2 of its racing games got a lot right and others are now playing catchup.

DarXyde2121d ago

It's debatable which is the better game. To me, Forza has the upper hand.

But in terms of online community and events? Ha. Don't lie to yourself just because you don't like Playstation.

2120d ago
2120d ago
Dark_Knightmare22120d ago

Lol not even close have you even played gt sport online?

Imalwaysright2120d ago (Edited 2120d ago )

SolidGamerX

You didn't need to confirm what I already knew: if you didn't think that we're all stupid you wouldn't make such stupid comments that only those that are dead from the neck up will agree with.

IRetrouk2120d ago (Edited 2120d ago )

Did he say gt could turn anyone into a racer? No he didnt, he asked what game has done it like gt has, which is true, gt academy done it throughout gt5 for a start. You need to do some research fella, cause your wrong.. again.

And lmao at element and the downplay, not even similar you crazy man, not even similar🤣 you realise gt has turned gamers into drivers from gt5? Go look at gt academy and tell me how that would be anything like someone playing cod and then joining the army, the downplay in gt articles is funny.

ElementX2120d ago

So you think he learned the required skills playing video games? I remember when people claimed children were learning how to operate guns because of video games, do you think that's also true?

IRetrouk2120d ago (Edited 2120d ago )

Two completely different things and you know it, it is a fact that gt has helped real gamers become real race drivers, the proof is easily available online and I'm not going round searching for links that has been posted many, many times before on this subject, Go and look at gt academy like I mentioned and you can see for yourself, they start out on gt and go from there, so yes the game gran turismo teaches you some driving techniques, now if you can find me a link where someone has been playing cod and went on to become a war hero, please let me know because I couldnt find anything, also do you have a link to where cod has a program to train soldiers? Like cod academy or something?, I couldnt find one of those either, maybe when you do then your comparison will actually make sense.

Imalwaysright2120d ago

IRetrouk

You mean the GT academy that provides training and licenses for a person to become a professional racing driver? The GT academy is how you go from being an average driving joe to become a professional racing driver not GT the game.

2120d ago
+ Show (14) more repliesLast reply 2120d ago
2120d ago
xRacer74x2121d ago

Forza owns the racing game scene in my area as far as video games go.

dekke2121d ago

Forza = Arcade
GT= Sim

why u ppl keep comparing those 2 games every time..

Keltech2121d ago (Edited 2121d ago )

GT owns the console sim racing scene in my area and around the world. Just ask a real race car drivers

https://youtu.be/2pC3-eCAdv...

LordStig2121d ago

Forza isn't a racing game. It's a car game.

2121d ago
+ Show (2) more repliesLast reply 2121d ago
Hungryalpaca2121d ago

I’ll stick to sims. You keep playing with your hot wheels.

King_Noctis2121d ago

You forget that there are two Forzas, Forza Motorsport and Forza Horizon, which aims at different audiences.

King Nezz2121d ago

The usual response from someone insecure that feels their favorite racing game is nowhere near as good as it once was. I really liked Gran and played them all. Loved the Vector from part 2. But the franchise is not the same.

Gaming4Life19812121d ago

Yea Forza took over and is now the best sim racer with motorsport and the best arcade racer with horizon. GT was the best but it has been falling short for a long time and I'm not saying gt games are bad but no where near king like it used to be. I'd say forza motorsport 3 was the forza that really upped the franchise and forza 4 was when forza became #1.

I remember the glory days of gt but those days are long gone but it's still a good game just not the best. Of course ps fans will never admit it because they will die before giving MS credit.

+ Show (1) more replyLast reply 2121d ago
Nacho_Z2121d ago

I do think they need some new creative heads in to give them some new perspectives, they seem stuck in a rut. It's a very high quality rut but they're still stuck in it.

LordStig2121d ago

The USA leg of the Gran Turismo World Tour is going on in New York right now. Go watch it guys, there's some damn good racing and crazy updates to come.

Nacho_Z2121d ago

I've seen some of it before and to be fair it's not much different to watching real motorsport so credit to them for that.

Heavenly King2121d ago

the MACH 5 :) GO SPEED rACEr!!

Show all comments (108)
320°

Gran Turismo 5, Gran Turismo 6, Wipeout HD, God of War 3 and more running on PC via the latest RPCS3

DSOGaming writes: "It appears that the best Playstation 3 emulator that is currently under development, RPCS3, received a new update recently. kd-11 has implemented new Surface Cache fixes to RPCS3 that reportedly improve the appearance of car reflections in Gran Turismo 6, and fix various graphics glitches in other games."

Read Full Story >>
dsogaming.com
2158d ago Replies(6)
gangsta_red2158d ago

If someone out there in internet land could make a decent PS3 emulator imagine what Sony could actually do if they put the time and effort in to make this happen for their next console?

It's definitely not impossible as we can see here. It should definitely be done since BC seems to be very important to Sony this next gen. Imagine PS+ free game offerings from Sony that could include the whole catalog from the PS console family..fantastic.

Silly gameAr2158d ago

Why waste time and money on it? Some people want to move forward, not go back.

Eonjay2158d ago

It's not a deal breaker but having the feature would be amazing. I would rather have it than not have it.

gangsta_red2158d ago

Not everyone feels that way and if Sony is making an issue of supporting PS4 games for PS5 why not support their other past games for people who still have them or a means to buy them and play them.

KwietStorm_BLM2158d ago

You literally just said some people. So I'd imagine you can comprehend that there's a larger subset of people not in that same "some" group. PlayStation used to be known for backward compatibility. Xbox made a big deal about support for their entire catalog. What's the issue with PlayStation, who has an even more substantial history in gaming, tapping into that market? We don't have this problem on PC. It's only a good thing for consumers to be able to bring their games with them through generations on console.

Silly gameAr2158d ago (Edited 2158d ago )

@kwietstorm

Yes, I said some people. What I said was MY opinion. I'm one of those people that couldn't care less about bc, but im not saying ALL people don't care about it. I think they should spend that time and energy for future features and games, but like I said, that's only my opinion.

Imortus_san2157d ago (Edited 2157d ago )

Not every body trows their games way every time the new gen cames along, and everybody that likes games like to be able to play their favorite games in the best possible way.

PS: Retrocompatability is the most requested feature in Sony Foruns, even Sony said so.

+ Show (2) more repliesLast reply 2157d ago
frostypants2158d ago (Edited 2158d ago )

The question is would the return on investment be worthwhile? Are the number of additional consoles PS3 BC would push be enough to justify the cost of developing the emulation (and it would have to be bullet proof)? I like the idea of having it, but for my part not having it won't effect my purchase decision.

2158d ago
Eonjay2158d ago

You are asking the right question but the wrong way. For me, the addition of PS3 BC would add value as a customer and make it even more likely for me to buy a PS5. If it is valuable to the customer it is valuable to them.

Also, the way they are doing it would be way cheaper than a program like Microsoft had. The are emulating the hardware. Not the software.

gangsta_red2158d ago

"The question is would the return on investment be worthwhile?"

Sony could definitely make some extra profit selling PS3 games through their marketplace (the same way they have their other classics available). It's not about whether or not it will effect anyone's purchase decision, it definitely didn't do so for the PS4. But as others have expressed, it would be a nice addition to have for PS5 if Sony could open up their whole library digitally and physically to users.

ShadowWolf7122158d ago

Racing games should be some of the easiest to emulate and they're still not hitting 60fps with it, to say nothing of image flickering and occasional sound issues.

Still gonna be a bit yet before they have it fully up and running, it seems, and even then it may only work for part of the library. :/

2158d ago Replies(2)
Gwiz2158d ago

Is it possible to have PS3 emulation on PS5?yes depending on what kind of power it really has.
An i7 9700k is no slouch and the PS4 already has a God of War 3 running much better with less
power required because they converted CBE to X86 which is not something you want to be doing in the long run.

What power would be required to play these games emulated at said PS4 version?.
It's not an easy situation Sony themselves created and ultimately I believe they are happy this way because they
want you to use PSNow,that service is why you will not even get it. (let's not forget that it was a huge investment)

2158d ago Replies(1)
Show all comments (45)